T1L (10BASE-T1L) Ethernet technology has significant potential to accellerate building automation, by enabling the reuse of existing wiring to upgrade network infrastructure without costly running of new wiring. Building management systems (BMS) can been run on T1L and this can have implications for lighting systems.
T1L Ethernet is a long-distance networking solution that leverages a single twisted pair of wires—often already present in buildings—to deliver high-speed, secure, and reliable data transmission. The “L” in T1L stands for long distance. This technology is designed to address the growing demand for data and faster networks in operational technologies (OT), including building automation systems (BAS). T1L can transmit data reliably over distances up to a kilometer, making it a cost-effective alternative to fiber optics or the replacement of legacy cabling with new Cat 5 networks.
A key advantage of T1L is its ability to reuse existing wiring, dramatically reducing the cost and disruption of upgrading to IP-based networks. For lighting systems, this means that older cabling can be repurposed to support modern, IP-addressable lighting controls, sensors, and smart lighting devices. T1L enables direct IP connectivity for these devices, facilitating real-time control, automation, and integration with other building systems such as HVAC and security.
Unifying building systems under a single IT network simplifies architecture, reduces maintenance complexity, and improves scalability. For lighting, this means easier integration with occupancy sensors, daylight harvesting systems, and centralized management platforms. T1L is not limited to BMS but is also suitable for IP cameras, access control, and elevator systems, all of which can be interconnected with lighting controls for a smart building environment.
Single-pair Ethernet (SPE), specifically 10BASE-T1L, is the underlying technology of T1L. The IEEE 802.3cg standard defines 10BASE-T1L as a solution for 10 Mbps Ethernet over a single twisted pair, with a reach of up to 1,000 meters. This technology supports both data and power delivery (Power over Data Line, PoDL), further simplifying installation and reducing costs.
For lighting applications, SPE allows for seamless Ethernet connectivity to edge devices such as smart luminaires, sensors, and controllers. The ability to use existing wiring means that lighting upgrades can be implemented with minimal disruption and at a lower cost. The standard supports full-duplex communication, enabling real-time feedback and control, which is essential for advanced lighting features like dynamic dimming, color tuning, and automated responses to occupancy or daylight conditions.
Fragmentation of communication networks in building automation is a real problem, where different subsystems—such as lighting, HVAC, and security—often use proprietary protocols. By bringing Ethernet to the edge, SPE enables direct accessibility, standardized hardware, and interoperability across systems. This is particularly beneficial for lighting, as it allows for integration with other building automation systems, predictive maintenance, and centralized management.
T1L/SPE is an important option to modernize lighting infrastructure:
Reuse of Existing Wiring: T1L allows lighting systems to be upgraded to IP-based controls without replacing legacy cabling, reducing costs and installation time.
Direct IP Connectivity: Lighting devices can be individually addressed and controlled over the network, enabling advanced features like automation, scheduling, and integration with sensors.
Integration with Other Systems: T1L facilitates the interconnection of lighting with HVAC, security, and access control, supporting holistic building automation strategies.
Enhanced Management and Maintenance: Standardized protocols and centralized management make it easier to monitor, maintain, and upgrade lighting systems.
Support for Advanced Lighting Features: Real-time data transmission enables dynamic lighting control, energy optimization, and improved occupant comfort.
T1L Ethernet and single-pair Ethernet technologies represent an important option for building automation, including for lighting systems. By leveraging existing wiring and enabling direct IP connectivity, these technologies simplify upgrades, reduce costs, and support advanced, integrated lighting solutions. The result is smarter, more efficient buildings where lighting is seamlessly connected to broader automation and management systems.
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Image: Texas Instruments
